DC03 Carbon Steel: Cold-Forming Steels (EN 10130)
DC03 carbon steel, designated under the EN 10130 standard for cold-rolled low-carbon steels suitable for cold forming, is a high-quality, versatile material known for its excellent formability, consistent mechanical properties, and smooth surface finish. With a controlled low carbon content (≤ 0.08%) and additions of manganese and other elements, DC03 offers superior ductility and drawability, making it ideal for deep drawing and complex shaping in automotive, appliance, and general engineering applications. This article explores its chemical composition, mechanical properties, manufacturing processes, applications, and comparative advantages.
1. Core Chemical Composition (EN 10130 Standard)
| Element | Content Range | Function |
|---|---|---|
| Carbon (C) | ≤ 0.08% | Low content enhances formability and ductility; minimizes work-hardening during cold forming |
| Manganese (Mn) | ≤ 0.40% | Improves hot workability and deoxidizes the steel; supports strength without reducing ductility |
| Phosphorus (P) | ≤ 0.025% | Controlled to prevent brittleness; ensures good cold-forming performance |
| Sulfur (S) | ≤ 0.020% | Limited to avoid inclusions that could impair surface quality and formability |
| Silicon (Si) | ≤ 0.30% | Aids in deoxidation during smelting; contributes to scale formation resistance in hot rolling |
| Aluminum (Al) | ≥ 0.020% | Acts as a deoxidizer; promotes fine grain structure for improved mechanical uniformity |
2. Key Mechanical Properties (Room Temperature)
- Tensile Strength (Rm): 270 – 410 MPa (EN 10130 standard; balances strength and formability)
- Yield Strength (Re): ≤ 210 MPa (high ductility for deep drawing applications)
- Elongation (A80): ≥ 38% (excellent uniform elongation for complex shaping)
- r-Value (Lankford Coefficient): ≥ 1.8 (indicates superior deep-drawing anisotropy resistance)
- n-Value (Strain Hardening Exponent): ≥ 0.21 (ensures even deformation during forming)
3. Manufacturing Process Characteristics
- Smelting: Basic oxygen furnace (BOF) or electric arc furnace (EAF) followed by ladle refining and vacuum degassing to achieve low impurity levels and precise chemistry for consistent formability.
- Hot Rolling: Slabs reheated to 1200-1250°C, rolled to intermediate gauge (2-4 mm) at 900-1100°C, with controlled cooling to refine microstructure and ensure flatness.
- Cold Rolling: Multi-pass reduction from hot-rolled strip to final thickness (0.3-3.0 mm), with intermediate annealing at 650-750°C in a controlled atmosphere to restore ductility and achieve specified surface finishes (e.g., skin-passed for matte or bright).
- Annealing: Batch or continuous annealing at 650-800°C in a protective atmosphere (N2-H2) to fully recrystallize the structure, eliminating cold-work effects and optimizing formability parameters.
- Surface Treatment: Temper rolling (skin pass) for shape control and surface texture; optional chemical passivation or oiling to prevent corrosion during storage and transport.
4. Typical Application Fields
Automotive Industry
Body panels, chassis components, fuel tanks, and structural parts — high formability supports complex stamping and deep drawing for lightweight vehicle designs.
Household Appliances
Washing machine drums, refrigerator linings, dishwasher tubs, and oven interiors — smooth surface and ductility enable efficient forming and coating adhesion.
General Engineering
Enclosures, brackets, clips, and machinery guards — cost-effective for medium-strength requirements with good weldability and paintability.
Electrical & Furniture
Switchgear housings, office furniture frames, and shelving — consistent properties ensure reliable performance in decorative and functional roles.
5. Difference from Similar Grades (DC03 vs DC01 vs DC04)
| Grade | Yield Strength Limit | Key Advantage | Suitable Scenario |
|---|---|---|---|
| DC03 | ≤ 210 MPa | Balanced formability and strength; good for moderate drawing | Automotive panels, appliance parts requiring medium ductility |
| DC01 | ≤ 280 MPa | Higher strength but lower ductility; economical for simple forming | General fabrication, non-critical drawing operations |
| DC04 | ≤ 180 MPa | Superior deep-drawing capability; highest r-value | Complex automotive bodywork, deep-drawn containers |
6. Selection & Usage Precautions
- Forming Limits: Ideal for drawing ratios up to 2.5; avoid excessive strain rates to prevent cracking — test with Erichsen cupping for specific applications.
- Coating Compatibility: Excellent for galvanizing or organic coating; ensure proper surface cleanliness to achieve uniform adhesion and corrosion protection.
- Welding Requirements: Suitable for resistance spot, MIG, and TIG welding; use low-hydrogen processes to minimize defects in formed assemblies.
- Quality Verification: Verify compliance with EN 10130 via mill certificates, including formability tests (r-value, n-value) and surface inspection per ISO 497.
7. Get a Carbon Steel Quote
If you need customized DC03 carbon steel products (sheets, coils, strips) or want to get a detailed price quote, please contact our team directly. Our specialists will provide professional technical support and competitive pricing based on your requirements.